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Feed-in tariffs in Australia have been enacted by several State Governments for electricity generated by solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Feed-in tariffs (FIT) are a premium rate paid to producers of renewable energy. They are a way of subsidising renewable energy and in Australia have been enacted at the State level, in conjunction with a federal law creating a mandatory renewable energy target. Both net and gross feed in tariffs have been introduced by various governments. Net FIT's generally pay comparatively little to the producer (generally a household) because electricity produced by solar photovoltaic or other renewable energy just offsets the producer's usage. Net FIT's are referred to as "fake feed-in tariff" and is actually net metering, with a monthly payment for net generation, instead of the normal roll over. Gross tariffs conform to the normal definition of a feed-in tariff, and provide a more certain financial return, paying for all electricity produced, even if it is consumed by the producer, reducing or helping meet peak demand. The ACT and New South Wales had gross feed-in tariffs, these have subsequently been replaced with net feed-in tariffs. Other State Governments have enacted net feed-in tariff schemes which have been criticised for not providing enough incentive for households to install solar panels and thus for not effectively encouraging the uptake of solar PV. Australian FIT laws tend to focus on providing support to solar PV particularly in the residential context, and project limits on installed capacity (such as 10 kW in NSW) mean effectively that FITs do not support large scale projects such as wind farms or solar thermal power stations. A uniform federal scheme to supersede all State schemes has been proposed by Tasmanian Greens Senator Christine Milne, but not enacted. National feed-in tariff systems have been enacted in numerous countries including Brazil, Canada, China and many EU countries.〔Dr James Prest (Submission to Senate Inquiry into Feed-in Bill 2008 ). Senate Standing Committee on Environment, Communications and the Arts.〕〔Ray Block (28 April 2009). (Feed-in Tariff (FIT) and the fallout in the solar PV market ). Block’s Indicator of Sustainable Growth.〕 ==Proposed Federal gross feed-in tariff scheme== The Federal Parliament has not yet enacted a national gross feed-in tariff scheme for renewable energy. However, a capital grant/rebate was offered of up to $8,000 per household for domestic installations and 50% for school installations up until June 2009.〔(Solar Homes and Communities Plan ). Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts.〕 In July 2008, a bill was introduced by Australian Greens Senator Christine Milne, (Tasmania), called the ''Renewable Energy (Electricity) Amendment (Feed-In Tariff) Bill 2008''. The bill is the subject of an inquiry by the Senate Standing Committee on Environment, Communications and the Arts. More than 23,000 people have signed an online petition for a national gross feed-in tariff.〔(feedintariff.com.au ). An Energy Matters community initiative.〕 In a speech, the Federal Minister for Energy, Martin Ferguson, said that feed-in tariffs are technologically prescriptive and ideologically based, rather than being a market based mechanism. In response to the German feed-in tariff for solar, he suggested that Germany's solar subsidy meant German consumers paid more than €1 billion in additional power bills in 2007 to generate around 0.5% of Germany’s gross electricity consumption, suggesting that the policy does not deliver value for money. He also suggested that an Australian solar feed-in tariff may lead to greater PV panel imports rather than a significant expansion of Australian production.〔(Solar Flagships Forum ) The Hon Martin Ferguson AM MP〕 However commentators have suggested that Martin Ferguson's comments are ideologically driven and do not take into account the Merit Order Effect which in some instance negates or almost negates the cost of funding FiTs and in other instances shows funding FiTs delivers a net dividend to consumers. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Feed-in tariffs in Australia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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